Digital Currency

By Othman Darwish Device democracy was the idea of the experiment done back in 2015  by IBM, with the collaboration of  Samsung. The trial studied the integration of decentralization technology of blockchain with Internet-of-Things - IoT. The use case revealed by IBM concerning autonomous wash machine, that able to order detergent autonomously;  that machine provided by a sensor that able to detect detergent level, and when it goes low,  it communicated with a smart contract using Ethereum protocols and instantiated an order request to a retailer. Once the retailer received the request and upon approving it, a digital payment automatically released from wash machine and received by the retailer, then an acknowledged of the payment received by wash machine. The negotiations between wash machine and retailer ordering service and resulting transactions logged on the blockchain. The idea behind  that IBM experiment of making these devices autonomous in a decentralized internet of

By Othman Darwish Smart contracts, the cornerstones of any decentralized blockchain based application, runs nowadays inside different blockchain platforms. Each platform community is working toward minimizing the challenges of developing valuable dApps  to put it in a great use case. In this blogs, will discuss some of competing and promising smart contracts platforms, and how each differentiates itself from other, what tradeoff made, to maximize dApps based application development adaptation, and increase it efficiency. A smart contract is a programmable piece of code that runs inside the blockchain network and executed by all peers that joined that network. Its emergence was indeed an innovation and founded for next wave of blockchain applications, other than currency exchanges application dominated by the Bitcoin system. This was due to the fact the Bitcoin system was designed for currency exchanges and built with a limited instruction set, knowns as bitcoin transactions

By Othman Darwish Since the invention of Bitcoin cryptocurrency and its underlying blockchain technology, a new era of asset digitization emerge. By asset we mean anything could be owned, has a value, and could be transferred from one party to another. Asset digitization aims to provide proof of the ownership, bookkeeping of value, and streamline electronic exchanges.  Electronic transfer of asset done traditionally by the help of centralized and trusted bookkeeper/asset registrar, here the central authority acts as notary service to guarantee the validity and finality of the ownership transfer. As a result, a central entity would maintain a ledger ( bookkeeper ) of assets transfer transactions,  and keep maintaining its valid and final state. With the emergence of blockchain technology, this game changed forever; the needs for a central party that acts as a trusted intermediary to execute ownership transfer of an asset is eliminated, and replaced by blockchain security, cons

Authors: Lamine SANO & Othman Darwish Abstract In distributed systems, with multiple computing nodes, consensus is a fundamental concept that aims to achieving system reliability, with the fact that some nodes may fail, malfunction or provide malicious information. This conflict in the provided information, requires a mechanism where all nodes agree on some state; this process is called consensus. The problem was first formulated by Leslie Lamport, Robert Shostak and Marshall Pease in their 1982 paper, "The Byzantine Generals Problem," [1]  and proved then to be unsolvable. Since then,  different algorithms were designed and developed to try and solve this problem under various assumptions. The advent of Bitcoin, and its underlying innovating blockchain technology provided a practical and radical mechanism to solve this problem and make it possible to transfer information in an entirely decentralized and trustless environment. This paper, will briefly explore th